Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANETs

International Journal of Emerging Research in Science, Engineering, and Management
Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 01-06, August 2025.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Full Text PDF

Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in MANETs

Rayi Surekha

Aravabhumi Divya

B. Malakonda Reddy

Maruboina Sravani

Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Siddharth Institute of Engineering & Technology, Puttur, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, N.B.K.R. Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyanagar, India.

Professor, Department of ECE, Narayana Engineering College, Gudur, India.

Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Sree Venkateswara College of Engineering, Nellore, India.

Abstract:Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) represent a dynamic and infrastructure-less network paradigm, where efficient and reliable routing is crucial due to frequent topology changes and resource constraints. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of five widely used MANET routing protocols—AODV, DSR, DSDV, OLSR, and ZRP—under varying network conditions. Using NS-2.35 as the simulation environment, the study evaluates these protocols based on key Quality of Service (QoS) metrics including packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay, throughput, routing overhead, packet loss ratio (PLR), and energy consumption. The results demonstrate that AODV and OLSR offer superior performance in terms of delivery and throughput, while DSR is favorable for energy-constrained applications. DSDV and ZRP show moderate performance with limitations under specific scenarios. The analysis underscores the need for protocol selection based on application requirements and highlights the potential of integrating trust-aware and intelligent routing enhancements in future research.

Keywords: AODV, Energy Consumption, MANET, Routing Protocols, Throughput.

References: 

  1. I. Alameri, T. Al-Hadhrami, A. Nazir, A. E. Yahya, and A. Gharbi, “Enhancing Network Design through Statistical Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols,” Computers, Materials & Continua/Computers, Materials & Continua (Print), vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 319–339, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.32604/cmc.2024.052999.
  2. S. W. Nourildean and M. D. Hassib, “IoT-based MANET Performance Improvement against Jamming Attackers in Different Mobile applications,” e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, vol. 8, p. 100615, May 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100615.
  3. K Pushpalatha, P. Sherubha, S. P. Sasirekha, and D. K. Anguraj, “A constructive delay-aware model for opportunistic routing protocol in MANET,” Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 255, p. 124527, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124527.
  4. L. H. Binh and T.-V. T. Duong, “An improved method of AODV routing protocol using reinforcement learning for ensuring QoS in 5G-based mobile ad-hoc networks,” ICT Express, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 97–103, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.icte.2023.07.002.
  5. S. S. M. Vincent and N. Duraipandian, “Detection and prevention of sinkhole attacks in MANETS based routing protocol using hybrid AdaBoost-Random forest algorithm,” Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 249, p. 123765, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123765.
  6. V. A. Devi, V. Ganesan, V. S. A. Padmini, and S. KArun, “An Energy Efficient Routing Establishment (EERE) mechanism for MANET-IoT security,” Franklin Open, vol. 8, p. 100150, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100150.
  7. K. Shanmugham, R. Rangan, S. Dhatchnamurthy, and S. Pundir, “An efficient self-attention-based conditional variational auto-encoder generative adversarial networks based multipath cross-layer design routing paradigm for MANET,” Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 238, p. 122097, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122097.
  8. A. Alhussen and A. S. Ansari, “Real-Time prediction of urban traffic problems based on Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS),” Computers, Materials & Continua/Computers, Materials & Continua (Print), vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 1903–1923, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.32604/cmc.2024.049260.
  9. S. Shafi, S. Mounika, and S. Velliangiri, “Machine learning and trust based AODV routing protocol to mitigate flooding and blackhole attacks in MANET,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 218, pp. 2309–2318, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.206.
  10. K. Nirmaladevi and K. Prabha, “A selfish node trust aware with Optimized Clustering for reliable routing protocol in Manet,” Measurement Sensors, vol. 26, p. 100680, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.measen.2023.100680.
  11. A. R. Patil and G. M. Borkar, “Route optimization in MANET using swarm intelligence algorithm,” in Elsevier eBooks, 2023, pp. 313–324. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91781-0.00016-8.
Download PDF

This article is part of Volume 1, Issue 2 (August 2025)